This paper is devoted to Paul Collomp (Niort 1885–Clermont-Ferrand 1943), Professor of Papyrology and Greek at the University of Strasbourg. The first part demonstrates that the source of Marc Bloch’s Métier d’historien, when dealing with textual criticism, is Collomp’s handbook La critique des textes. The second part contains a biography of Collomp and an assessment of his contribution to the philological debate of the 1930s. The third considers Giorgio Pasquali’s review of Collomp’s handbook in the context of the debate between Paul Maas and Pasquali about textual criticism. Finally, the Italian reception of Collomp’s work is inserted in the wider context of the relationship between Italian and French philology in the first half of the 20th century.